Why are a disproportionate ratio of women to men trying to commit suicide while in Connecticut’s prisons?
Susan Zimmerman, recently released from Niantic, says there are problems at the prison’s psych ward
Keena Blodgett was 33 when she killed herself in 2006. The following year, 46-year-old Mia Zukowski committed suicide. In 2008, it was Luisa Bermudez who hanged herself. She was 36. Cheryl Thrall, 37, was the latest, ending her own life on July 23, 2009.
All four women were inmates at Connecticut’s York Correctional Institute in Niantic. Their deaths are an indication that the likelihood of your committing suicide as an inmate in our state’s prisons is far higher if you’re a woman than if you’re a man.
Women represent only about 6 percent of the more than 18,000 people incarcerated in this state, but they account for 20 percent of all suicides in Connecticut prisons in the past five years.
Connecticut corrections officials don’t have an explanation for why female inmates seem to have a higher suicide rate.
This state had 20 inmate suicides in the past five years, four of them being women. By comparison, Rhode Island’s smaller prison system had six suicides, none of them women inmates.
“We’re aware of what the numbers are,” says Brian Garnett, a state Department of Corrections. According to Garnett, DOC experts don’t believe women generally have a higher prison suicide rate than male inmates.
“We’re talking in most cases about one [female suicide] a year,” he says. DOC officials believe that “one suicide is too many,” Garnett says.
“Protection against self-harm is a huge component of what we do in corrections,” Garnett says, but that prison suicide “is part of the environment” and can be very difficult to predict.
Garnett says the department goes to great lengths to train prison staff to recognize which prisoners may be potential suicides and how to stop them.
He also says Connecticut doesn’t provide any “gender-specific” training to guards for dealing with women inmates. “The thrust and direction of the department is that every inmate is treated with the same level of vigilance.”
Maybe that should change.
“Women inmates are different from male inmates in various ways,” according to state Rep. Michael P. Lawlor, co-chairman of the legislature’s Judiciary Committee. Women tend to be in prison for non-violent crimes like drug use, prostitution and fraud or theft to pay off gambling debts.
“The big difference is that women inmates have a much higher rate of mental illness than male inmates,” says Lawlor. Only about 15 percent of male inmates are diagnosed with significant mental illness, compared to almost half of all women prisoners, according to Lawlor.
“Obviously, there’s a correlation between mental illness and suicide,” Lawlor says.
Howard Zonana, is a professor of psychiatry at Yale University and the federal court-appointed monitor of a consent degree issued back in the late 1980s to improve conditions at Connecticut’s prison for women.
Zonana says the estimate that half of female inmates have mental illnesses most likely reflects the number of women prisoners who are on psychotropic drugs like anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications. He says women have “a much higher rate” of problems like post-traumatic stress syndrome than male inmates, and often have far more difficulty adjusting to prison.
“It is true in prison general populations that attempted suicides are much higher among women than they are among men,” says Zonana.
But Zonana believes Connecticut’s suicide prevention efforts for women inmates today “is probably better than in other states” and far better than when the federal court order was first issued.
“There were appalling issues when we started,” Zonana recalls, citing major problems with inmate safety, medical and psychiatric care, misuse of restraints and medications, deficiencies in training and staffing levels.
One recent Niantic inmate, Susan Zimmerman of Trumbull, argues there are still problems at that prison and in its psychiatric wing.
“There’s a lot of girls who try to commit suicide up there,” says Zimmerman, who was released in mid-February from a five-week term at Niantic for violation of parole. Zimmerman, who describes herself as bipolar, spent time in the psychiatric wing and complained to corrections officials about conditions.
Those included claims that staff members failed to make regular required rounds of the individual cells to check on psychiatric inmates, and that intercoms connecting those cells to the medical staff desk didn’t work.
In a March 18 letter to Zimmerman, a corrections agency security official denied nearly all of Zimmerman’s allegations but thanked her for reporting the intercom malfunction and said, “It is in the process of being repaired.”
“We didn’t know it was broken until [Zimmerman] told us,” says Garnett, adding that the staff’s lack of awareness of the problem “is perhaps an indication of how little it’s used.” He said guards frequently make the rounds of those cells to check on prisoners.
“I’m not just disgruntled,” says Zimmerman. “There are a lot of good corrections officers up there; there’s good things they do up there.” She insists she’s only trying to help improve conditions for women prisoners.
Zonana and Lawlor say corrections officials are faced with the huge challenge of dealing with mentally ill inmates — many of them women — who probably shouldn’t be in prison.
“One of the reasons these women end up in jail is that prosecutors run out of options,” Lawlor says.
Connecticut already has a shortage of beds at mental health facilities and the state’s budget crisis isn’t helping, Zonano says. There is also the problem that many defendants would rather plead guilty and do a short prison term than be declared mentally ill and serve a longer hospital sentence.
“It’s a recipe for disaster,” Lawlor says. “If you’re putting depressed people in jail, they’re much more likely to kill themselves.”
Source: http://www.fairfieldweekly.com/
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